Paralyzed man walks again thanks to artificial brain-to-spine interface

Thanks to the novel brain-spine interface (BSI) technology, a paralyzed man is able to walk again, after suffering from this condition for 12 years.

The patient walks using the BSI system. Image credit: Nature volume 618, pages 126–133 (2023) (Open access)

When a spinal cord injury occurs, the connection between the brain and body is disrupted, resulting in paralysis. However, advancements in technology have provided hope for individuals with such disabilities. A system called Brain-Spine Interface (BSI) offers a potential solution for paralysis caused by spinal cord damage.

The BSI system aims to restore movement for paralyzed individuals with spinal cord injuries by replacing the function of the spinal cord. It utilizes personalized headsets and external antennas to wirelessly power implanted electronics and facilitate the transmission of signals between the brain and a portable base station.

This seamless connection between the brain and spinal cord is crucial in regaining lost motor function. 

Design, technology, and implantation of the BSI. Image credit: Nature volume 618, pages 126–133 (2023) (Open access)

In a recent clinical trial, researchers presented an incredible breakthrough with the BSI system they have been working on. A study participant who had been paralyzed for 12 years due to a cycling accident successfully controlled movements in their lower limbs, achieving natural walking.

With the help of this revolutionary technology, the patient even navigated relatively complex terrains.

The BSI system operates by decoding intentions and transferring signals using electrocorticography signals. The research team can retrieve these signals by placing 64 electrodes over the sensorimotor cortex of the patient’s brain and connecting them via Bluetooth.

Longer walking sequence. The patient who participated in this study has been paralyzed for 12 years. Image credit: Nature volume 618, pages 126–133 (2023) (Open access)

Through analysis and the use of artificial intelligence (AI), the system interprets desired movements and converts them into stimulation commands. These commands are then delivered to an implantable pulse generator connected to an electrode array placed over the spinal cord.

The stimulation is very precise – it activates specific muscle groups necessary to control lower limb movements. AI plays a crucial role in predicting intentions and adapting to the user, allowing the BSI system to operate in a personalized manner. This precise control of lower limb muscle activation enables natural walking movements.

Written by Alius Noreika